Preterm birth is defined as delivery before the completion of 37 weeks of gestation and represents one of the leading causes of neonatal morbidity. Its prevention is a central objective of modern obstetric care, as even a modest prolongation of pregnancy can significantly improve neonatal outcomes and overall perinatal prognosis.
Risk factors include a history of preterm birth, multiple pregnancy, cervical insufficiency, intrauterine or systemic infections, vaginal bleeding, chronic maternal medical conditions, and increased psychological stress. In many cases, preterm labour may develop without prominent warning signs, making early risk assessment and preventive evaluation essential from the initial stages of pregnancy.
Early Risk Identification
Comprehensive medical history assessment, vaginal cultures, and ultrasound evaluation — including cervical length measurement — contribute to the identification of women at increased risk.
Preventive Interventions
Depending on the clinical findings, targeted measures may be implemented, including activity modification, appropriate pharmacological treatment, or specific obstetric interventions aimed at prolonging pregnancy and reducing the risk of preterm birth.
Importance of Ongoing Monitoring
Close and individualised monitoring allows for timely intervention should any changes arise. Clear patient education, adherence to medical recommendations, and ongoing communication with the obstetrician strengthen preventive care and support the smooth progression of pregnancy, with the safety of both mother and baby as the primary priority.